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PhotonForge
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  • PhotonForge 2.0
  • Getting Started
    • Key Concepts
    • Quick Start I: Local GUI
    • Quick Start II: Passive
    • Quick Start III: Active
  • Short Guides
    • Technology
    • Layers
    • Ports
    • Electrical Ports
    • Fiber Ports
    • PDK Components
    • Parametric Component Library
    • Custom Technology
    • Custom Parametric Components
    • Routing and Connections
    • Auto Routing
    • Importing a GDSII/OASIS Layout
    • Exporting a GDSII/OASIS Layout
    • S Parameters
    • Tidy3D Model
    • Circuit Model
    • Data Model
    • Custom Model
    • Layout vs. Schematic (LVS)
    • Inverse Design with Autograd
    • Photonic Design Automation
    • Custom Component Library in the GUI
    • Verilog-A Export
    • Layout Examples
      • Components
      • Instances and References
      • Paths, Routes, and Transitions
      • Grid Snapping
      • Grid and Pack
      • Design Rule Check
    • Compact Models
      • Analytic Directional Coupler Model
      • Analytic Waveguide Model
      • Analytic MZI Model
      • Analytic Ring Resonator Model
      • Analytic Dual-Ring Resonator Model
      • Mux/Demux Model
      • Analytic Waveguide Crossing Model
      • Analytic Data Models Overview
    • Time Domain Models
      • CW Laser
      • Signal Source
      • Photodiode
      • Avalanche Photodiode
      • Phase Modulator
      • Traveling-Wave Modulator
      • Mach-Zehnder Modulator
      • Ring Resonator
      • Nonlinear Ring Resonator
      • Electrical Filter
      • Optical Pulse
      • Directly Modulated Laser
      • Optical Amplifier
      • Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
      • Optical Noise
      • Electrical Amplifier
      • Amplitude Modulator
      • Custom Expressions
      • Differentiator
      • Integrator
      • Time Delay
  • Examples
    • Component design
      • Y Splitter
      • Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
      • Waveguide Crossing
      • Waveguide Crossing Yield Analysis
      • 90° Optical Hybrid
      • Cascaded MZI Filter
      • Cascaded Rings Filter
      • Eight-Channel DWDM Filter on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate
      • Polarization Splitter Rotator
      • Grating Coupler
      • Inverse Designed Grating Coupler
      • Efficient simulation of a large, high-\(Q\) micro-ring resonator
      • Inverse Design of a Fabrication-Robust Bent Directional Coupler
      • Edge Coupler
      • MMI Optimization with Tidy3D Design Plugin
      • MMI 3 dB Coupler with EME
      • Waveguide Coupling Simulation with Port Bending
      • Spiral Waveguide
      • Time-Domain Simulation of a Mach–Zehnder Interferometer
      • Polarizing Beam Splitter
      • Fabrication-Aware Simulation: Two Coupled Ring Resonator Filter
      • Bandstructure Analysis of 1D Periodic Waveguides
    • Active device design
      • Tunable MZI
      • Electro-Optic Mach-Zehnder Modulator
      • Signal Integrity Analysis of a 100 Gbps Transmitter
      • Folded Electro-Optic Modulators on TFLN: Analysis
      • Programmable Photonic Circuit
      • BTO Electro-Optic Modulator
      • Switch Array
      • Time-Domain Simulation of a Low-Pass Filter
      • Differential Coplanar Waveguide
      • Four-Channel WDM Filter
      • Time-Domain Simulation of a Mach–Zehnder Modulator (Toy Model)
      • Time-Domain Simulation of a Mach–Zehnder Modulator
      • Self Pulsing in Silicon Microring Resonator
      • Two-Segment Silicon Microring Modulator
      • Microring Modulator: PCell with Attached Model
      • 3D doping extrusion from a 2D carrier profile
      • Noise Under Large-Signal Modulation
      • Series Push-Pull Mach-Zehnder Modulator with Slow-Wave T-Rail Electrodes
      • Optical Peaking in a Microring Modulator
      • Laser Dynamics with External Optical Feedback
      • Thermal Stabilization of Microring Resonators
    • Full chip layout
      • Add-Drop Filter Layout
      • Building Circuit Models from Layout Files
      • Microring Modulator
      • Automated Routing of a Selector Switch
      • Dual Polarization IQ Modulator
      • Quantum Chip
      • LIDAR
      • Automated Routing and Path Length Matching of a Photonic Mesh
      • Foundry-Compatible PIC Design Flow
      • Folded Electro-Optic Modulators on TFLN: Layout
      • Automated Routing of a Ring Filter Bank
    • Chip Design Tutorials
      • Data Communication
        • Technology and PDK Setup
        • Custom Component Library
        • Chip Layout
        • Design Rule Check
        • Chip Simulation
      • Optical I/O
        • Technology and PDK Setup
        • Custom Component Library
        • Chip Layout
        • Wavelength Plan and Thermal Budget
        • Link Simulation
      • Quantum
        • Custom Component Library
        • Quantum Chip Layout
        • Quantum Chip Simulation
  • Python API Reference
    • Module Configuration
    • Structures
      • Circle
      • Path
      • Polygon
      • Rectangle
      • ConstructiveSolid
      • Extruded
      • Polyhedron
      • boolean
      • envelope
      • heal
      • intersects
      • offset
      • text
      • tidy3d_structures_from_layout
    • Stencils
      • apodized_focused_grating
      • apodized_grating
      • cross
      • focused_grating
      • grating
      • linear_taper
      • mmi
      • ruler
      • vernier_scale
      • as_component
    • Components
      • Component
      • FiberPort
      • GaussianPort
      • Label
      • PhfStream
      • Port
      • Reference
      • Terminal
      • component_from_netlist
      • find_top_level
      • load_layout
      • load_phf
      • parametric_component
      • reference_chain
      • set_unique_names
      • write_layout
      • write_phf
    • Parametric Components
      • bend
      • crossing
      • crossing45
      • dual_ring_coupler
      • fill
      • rectangular_spiral
      • circular_spiral
      • ring_coupler
      • s_bend
      • s_bend_coupler
      • s_bend_ring_coupler
      • s_bend_straight_coupler
      • straight
      • transition
      • route
      • route_auto
      • route_l
      • route_u
      • route_z
      • route_s_bend
      • route_taper
      • route_manhattan
      • route_electrical
      • route_length
      • effective_route_length
      • routing_collisions
    • Abstract Components
      • absolute
      • adder
      • amplitude_modulator
      • avalanche_photodiode
      • awg
      • bend
      • bragg_grating
      • circulator
      • crossing
      • cw_laser
      • differentiator
      • directional_coupler
      • dm_laser
      • edge_coupler
      • electrical_amplifier
      • electrical_termination
      • electro_absorption_modulator
      • fiber
      • filter
      • grating_coupler
      • impedance_mismatch
      • integrator
      • isolator
      • mach_zehnder_modulator
      • multiplier
      • mux_demux
      • nonlinear_ring
      • optical_amplifier
      • optical_noise
      • optical_pulse
      • optical_termination
      • phase_modulator
      • photodiode
      • pmd_fiber
      • polarization_beam_splitter
      • polarization_splitter_grating_coupler
      • polarization_splitter_rotator
      • ring_resonator
      • scaler
      • semiconductor_amplifier
      • signal_source
      • straight
      • taper
      • terminated_modulator
      • transition
      • vcsel
      • y_splitter
    • Technology
      • ExtrusionSpec
      • LayerSpec
      • MaskSpec
      • PortSpec
      • Technology
      • basic_technology
      • cpw_spec
      • virtual_port_spec
      • parametric_technology
      • port_modes
    • Models
      • Model
      • AnalyticDirectionalCouplerModel
      • AnalyticMZIModel
      • AnalyticWaveguideModel
      • BraggGratingModel
      • CircuitModel
      • CirculatorModel
      • CrossingModel
      • DataModel
      • DirectionalCouplerCircuitModel
      • DirectionalCouplerModel
      • DualRingModel
      • EMEModel
      • IsolatorModel
      • MuxDemuxModel
      • PolarizationBeamSplitterModel
      • PolarizationModeDispersionModel
      • PolarizationSplitterRotatorModel
      • PowerSplitterModel
      • RingModel
      • TerminationModel
      • Tidy3DModel
      • TwoPortModel
      • WaveguideModel
      • TimeStepper
      • AmplitudeModTimeStepper
      • AnalyticWaveguideTimeStepper
      • AvalanchePhotodiodeTimeStepper
      • CWLaserTimeStepper
      • CircuitTimeStepper
      • DMLaserTimeStepper
      • DelayedTimeStepper
      • DifferentialTimeStepper
      • ElectricalAmplifierTimeStepper
      • ElectroAbsorptionModTimeStepper
      • ExpressionTimeStepper
      • FilterTimeStepper
      • IntegralTimeStepper
      • MZMTimeStepper
      • OpticalAmplifierTimeStepper
      • OpticalNoiseTimeStepper
      • OpticalPulseTimeStepper
      • PhaseModTimeStepper
      • PhotodiodeTimeStepper
      • PolarizationModeDispersionTimeStepper
      • RingTimeStepper
      • SMatrixTimeStepper
      • SemiconductorAmplifierTimeStepper
      • TerminatedModTimeStepper
      • WaveformTimeStepper
      • LumpedModel
      • Capacitor
      • IdealTransformer
      • IdealTransmissionLine
      • Inductor
      • ParallelRLC
      • Resistor
      • SeriesRLC
      • MNAMatrix
      • PoleResidueMatrix
      • SMatrix
      • TimeDomainModel
      • TimeSeries
      • YMatrix
      • ZMatrix
      • abort_pending_tasks
      • dispersion_from_beta2
      • franz_keldysh_absorption
      • frequency_classification
      • load_snp
      • miller_gain
      • pole_residue_fit
      • register_model_class
      • register_time_stepper_class
      • saturation_output_power
      • srh_lifetime
      • cache_s_matrix
      • cache_capacity
      • clear_cache
    • Monte Carlo
      • RandomVariable
      • s_matrix
    • Utilities
      • Expression
      • Interpolator
      • Properties
      • PathLengthMatching
      • LayerTable
      • ExtrusionTable
      • PortSpecTable
      • LiveViewer
      • grid_layout
      • pack_layout
      • s_bend_length
      • match_path_lengths
      • grid_ceil
      • grid_floor
      • snap_to_grid
      • plot_s_matrix
      • tidy3d_plot
      • replay_edits
    • Layout Verification
      • drc_check
      • lvs_check
      • load_drc_results
      • load_lvs_results
      • DRCResults
      • DRCViolation
      • DRCCell
      • DRCCellReference
      • Placement
      • DRCMarker
      • EdgeMarker
      • EdgePairMarker
      • PolygonMarker
      • TextMarker
      • ValueMarker
      • layout_pins
      • LVSResults
      • LVSComparison
      • LVSPair
      • LVSMessage
      • LVSGeometry
      • LVSNetlist
      • LVSCircuit
      • LVSNet
      • LVSConnection
      • LVSLabel
      • LVSPin
      • LVSDevice
      • LVSDevicePart
      • LVSDeviceClass
      • LVSParameterDefinition
      • LVSDeviceAbstract
      • LVSSubcircuit
      • LVSLayer
    • Typing
      • annotate
      • kwargs_for
      • array
      • expression
    • Photonic Design Automation
      • Project
      • AttachmentStatus
      • BoundQuery
      • Edit
      • EditLog
      • History
      • HistoryEntry
      • ProjectTree
      • Trace
      • TraceabilityMatrix
      • Version
      • Watcher
      • create_project
      • init
      • last_timing_report
      • list_libraries
      • list_projects
      • load_project
      • restore_project
      • retire_project
      • stop
      • user_info
    • Fiber Utilities
      • brillouin_gain_spectrum
      • brillouin_threshold
      • fiber_parameters
      • filter_taps
      • raman_efficiency_at_shift
      • raman_on_off_gain
      • raman_profile
      • section_count
  • Frequently Asked Questions
    • PhotonForge
    • Photonic Canvas
  • Changelog
  • Software License Agreement
  • Third-Party Licenses
  • Privacy and Usage Data
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