avalanche_photodiode

photonforge.abstract.avalanche_photodiode(*, responsivity=0.55, gain=1.0, multiplication=1.0, bias=0.0, ionization_ratio=0.0, gain_bandwidth_product=0.0, intrinsic_bandwidth=0.0, dark_current=0.0, bulk_dark_current=0.0, thermal_noise=.0, saturation_current=0.0, roll_off=2.0, reflection=0.0, z0=one, seed=None)[source]

Abstract avalanche photodiode.

Based on photonforge.AvalanchePhotodiodeTimeStepper.

Parameters:

  • responsivity (Annotated[float, exclusiveMinimum=0, units='A/W']) – Primary responsivity at unity gain.

  • gain (Annotated[float, units='V/A']) – Transimpedance gain.

  • multiplication (Interpolator | Annotated[float, exclusiveMinimum=0]) – Mean multiplication \(M\). A number, or an photonforge.Interpolator of \(M\) against reverse bias evaluated at bias.

  • bias (Annotated[float, minimum=0, units='V']) – Reverse bias magnitude. Only used when multiplication is an interpolator.

  • ionization_ratio (Annotated[float, maximum=1, minimum=0]) – \(k\) for the excess noise factor.

  • gain_bandwidth_product (Annotated[float, minimum=0, units='Hz']) – If positive, set the avalanche bandwidth limit.

  • intrinsic_bandwidth (Annotated[float, minimum=0, units='Hz']) – If positive, transit and RC limited bandwidth.

  • dark_current (Annotated[float, minimum=0, units='A']) – Surface dark current, not multiplied, in A.

  • bulk_dark_current (Annotated[float, minimum=0, units='A']) – Bulk dark current at unity gain, multiplied along with the signal.

  • thermal_noise (Annotated[float, minimum=0, units='A²/Hz']) – One-sided thermal noise density of the front end.

  • saturation_current (Annotated[float, minimum=0, units='A']) – Space-charge saturation current. Zero disables saturation. Applied to the multiplied current.

  • roll_off (Annotated[float, exclusiveMinimum=0]) – Sharpness of the saturation knee.

  • reflection (complex) – Field reflection coefficient for light incident on the optical port.

  • z0 (Annotated[complex, units='Ω'] | None) – Reference impedance of the electrical port.

  • seed (int | None) – Seed for the noise generator.

Returns:

Two-port component, optical in and electrical out.

Return type:

Component