Quick Start¶
In this quick start, we will show you how to:
Load a foundry Process Design Kit (PDK) in PhotonForge
Load PDK components
Run FDTD simulation by converting 2D layout files to 3D for electromagnetic simulations in a single line of code
Step 1: Loading a Foundry PDK¶
Start by importing numpy, photonforge, and siepic pdk library
[1]:
import numpy as np
import photonforge as pf
import siepic_forge as siepic_pdk
Select the open source ebeam process node, also called the technology stack
[2]:
# load the technology and set is as the default
technology = siepic_pdk.ebeam()
pf.config.default_technology = technology
[3]:
technology
[3]:
Name: SiEPIC EBeam
Version: 0.4.32
Layers
| Name | Layer | Description | Color | Pattern |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Si | (1, 0) | Waveguides | #ff80a818 | \\ |
| PinRec | (1, 10) | SiEPIC | #00408018 | / |
| PinRecM | (1, 11) | SiEPIC | #00408018 | / |
| Si_Litho193nm | (1, 69) | Waveguides | #cc80a818 | \ |
| Waveguide | (1, 99) | Waveguides | #ff80a818 | \ |
| Si slab | (2, 0) | Waveguides | #80a8ff18 | / |
| SiN | (4, 0) | Waveguides | #a6cee318 | \\ |
| Oxide open (to BOX) | (6, 0) | Waveguides | #ffae0018 | \ |
| Text | (10, 0) | #0000ff18 | \ | |
| M1_heater | (11, 0) | Metal | #ebc63418 | xx |
| M2_router | (12, 0) | Metal | #90857018 | xx |
| M_Open | (13, 0) | Metal | #3471eb18 | xx |
| Si N | (20, 0) | Doping | #7000ff18 | \\ |
| Si N++ | (24, 0) | Doping | #0000ff18 | : |
| VC | (40, 0) | Metal | #3a027f18 | xx |
| DevRec | (68, 0) | SiEPIC | #00408018 | hollow |
| FbrTgt | (81, 0) | SiEPIC | #00408018 | / |
| FloorPlan | (99, 0) | Misc | #8000ff18 | hollow |
| SEM | (200, 0) | Misc | #ff00ff18 | \ |
| Deep Trench | (201, 0) | Misc | #c0c0c018 | solid |
| Keep out | (202, 0) | Misc | #a0a0c018 | // |
| Isolation Trench | (203, 0) | Misc | #c0c0c018 | solid |
| Dicing | (210, 0) | Misc | #a0a0c018 | solid |
| Chip design area | (290, 0) | Misc | #80005718 | hollow |
| FDTD | (733, 0) | SiEPIC | #80005718 | hollow |
| BlackBox | (998, 0) | SiEPIC | #00408018 | solid |
| Errors | (999, 0) | SiEPIC | #00008018 | / |
Extrusion Specs
| # | Mask | Limits (μm) | Sidewal (°) | Opt. Medium | Elec. Medium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 'Oxide open (to BOX)' | 0, inf | 0 | Medium(permittivity=1.0) | Medium(permittivity=1.0) |
| 1 | 'Si' | 0, 0.22 | 0 | PoleResidue(eps_inf=1.0,…… frequency_range=(21413747041496.2, 249827048817455.7), poles=((6241549589084091j, -3.3254308736142404e+16j),)) | Si |
| 2 | 'Si slab' | 0, 0.09 | 0 | PoleResidue(eps_inf=1.0,…… frequency_range=(21413747041496.2, 249827048817455.7), poles=((6241549589084091j, -3.3254308736142404e+16j),)) | Si |
| 3 | 'SiN' | 0, 0.4 | 0 | PoleResidue(eps_inf=……3.031225983820944, frequency_range=(152024573088740.38, 724311326723836.8), poles=(((-0-7534484687295489j), 3530332266482328j), ((-0-4550924050946271j), 7233481618.869821j))) | Si3N4 |
| 4 | 'M2_router' +…… 'M1_heater' | 2.42, 2.62 | 0 | PoleResidue(eps_inf=1.0,…… frequency_range=(120884055879414.03, 2997924585809468.0), poles=(((-252828226350812.1-5784339105708298j), (1948434702479989.5+2132849526706848.8j)), ((-609339941453361-3915807795417961j), (5854104539645628+9628118738288506j)), ((-351192772413652.7-1494382744693159.8j), (-1716717002731465.8+3.5658946710009096e+16j)), ((-5781257140720.449-134119053600439.05j), (1.1436600467759824e+16+1.3607215135185057e+18j)))) | LossyMetalMedium(fit_param=……{'attrs': {}, 'max_num_poles': 16, 'tolerance_rms': 0.001, 'frequency_sampling_points': 20, 'log_sampling': True, 'type': 'SurfaceImpedanceFitterParam'}, conductivity=1.6, frequency_range=(100000000.0, 200000000000.0)) |
| 5 | 'M2_router' | 2.62, 3.02 | 0 | PoleResidue(eps_inf=1.0,…… frequency_range=(154751311505403.34, 1595872899899471.8), poles=(((-569801961707506.2-5919036552773929j), (547547687971021.3+294290120688174.94j)), ((-1589807268517576.2-3491672819475904j), (1.0929163739969444e+16+422154272517619.8j)), ((-291288687923238.2-3648189488671429j), (252866071416221.06-269873948615172.56j)), ((-249515901504479.2-1081669083787891.2j), (-343676981321731.5-707306264998813.6j)), ((-53249179312995.555-283474011170933.5j), (2393359178586368.5+2.9476885206131206e+17j)))) | LossyMetalMedium(fit_param=……{'attrs': {}, 'max_num_poles': 16, 'tolerance_rms': 0.001, 'frequency_sampling_points': 20, 'log_sampling': True, 'type': 'SurfaceImpedanceFitterParam'}, conductivity=17.0, frequency_range=(100000000.0, 200000000000.0)) |
| 6 | 'M_Open' | 3.02, inf | 0 | Medium(permittivity=1.0) | Medium(permittivity=1.0) |
| 7 | 'Deep Trench' +…… 'Isolation Trench' + 'Dicing' | -inf, inf | 0 | Medium(permittivity=1.0) | Medium(permittivity=1.0) |
Ports
| Name | Classification | Description | Width (μm) | Limits (μm) | Radius (μm) | Modes | Target n_eff | Path profiles (μm) | Voltage path | Current path |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MM_SiN_TE_1550_3000 | optical | Multimode SiN Strip TE 1550 nm,…… w=3000 nm | 8 | -2.5, 2.9 | 0 | 7 | 2.1 | 'SiN': 3 | ||
| MM_TE_1550_2000 | optical | Multimode Strip TE 1550 nm,…… w=2000 nm | 6 | -2, 2.22 | 0 | 12 | 3.5 | 'Si': 2 | ||
| MM_TE_1550_3000 | optical | Multimode Strip TE 1550 nm,…… w=3000 nm | 6 | -2, 2.22 | 0 | 17 | 3.5 | 'Si': 3 | ||
| Rib_TE_1310_350 | optical | Rib (90 nm slab) TE 1310 nm,…… w=350 nm | 2.35 | -1, 1.22 | 0 | 1 | 3.5 | 'Si slab': 3,…… 'Si': 0.35 | ||
| Rib_TE_1550_500 | optical | Rib (90 nm slab) TE 1550 nm,…… w=500 nm | 2.5 | -1, 1.22 | 0 | 1 | 3.5 | 'Si slab': 3,…… 'Si': 0.5 | ||
| SiN_TE-TM_1550_1000 | optical | SiN Strip TM 1550 nm, w=1000 nm | 3 | -1.5, 1.9 | 0 | 2 | 2.1 | 'SiN': 1 | ||
| SiN_TE_1310_750 | optical | SiN Strip TE 1310 nm, w=750 nm | 3 | -1, 1.4 | 0 | 1 | 2.1 | 'SiN': 0.75 | ||
| SiN_TE_1310_800 | optical | SiN Strip TE 1310 nm, w=800 nm | 3 | -1, 1.4 | 0 | 1 | 2.1 | 'SiN': 0.8 | ||
| SiN_TE_1550_1000 | optical | SiN Strip TE 1550 nm, w=1000 nm | 3 | -1, 1.4 | 0 | 1 | 2.1 | 'SiN': 1 | ||
| SiN_TE_1550_750 | optical | SiN Strip TE 1550 nm, w=750 nm | 3 | -1, 1.4 | 0 | 1 | 2.1 | 'SiN': 0.75 | ||
| SiN_TE_1550_800 | optical | SiN Strip TE 1550 nm, w=800 nm | 3 | -1, 1.4 | 0 | 1 | 2.1 | 'SiN': 0.8 | ||
| SiN_TE_895_450 | optical | SiN Strip TE 895 nm, w=450 nm | 2 | -1, 1.4 | 0 | 1 | 2.1 | 'SiN': 0.45 | ||
| SiN_TM_1310_750 | optical | SiN Strip TM 1310 nm, w=750 nm | 3 | -1.5, 1.9 | 0 | 1 + 1 (TM) | 2.1 | 'SiN': 0.75 | ||
| SiN_TM_1550_1000 | optical | SiN Strip TM 1550 nm, w=1000 nm | 3 | -1.5, 1.9 | 0 | 1 + 1 (TM) | 2.1 | 'SiN': 1 | ||
| Slot_TE_1550_500 | optical | Slot TE 1550 nm, w=500 nm,…… gap=100nm | 2 | -1, 1.22 | 0 | 1 | 3.5 | 'Si': 0.2 (+0.15),…… 'Si': 0.2 (-0.15) | ||
| TE-TM_1550_450 | optical | Strip TE-TM 1550, w=450 nm | 2 | -1, 1.22 | 0 | 2 | 3.5 | 'Si': 0.45 | ||
| TE_1310_350 | optical | Strip TE 1310 nm, w=350 nm | 2 | -1, 1.22 | 0 | 1 | 3.5 | 'Si': 0.35 | ||
| TE_1310_410 | optical | Strip TE 1310 nm, w=410 nm | 2 | -1, 1.22 | 0 | 1 | 3.5 | 'Si': 0.41 | ||
| TE_1550_500 | optical | Strip TE 1550 nm, w=500 nm | 2 | -1, 1.22 | 0 | 1 | 3.5 | 'Si': 0.5 | ||
| TM_1310_350 | optical | Strip TM 1310 nm, w=350 nm | 2 | -1, 1.22 | 0 | 1 + 1 (TM) | 3.5 | 'Si': 0.35 | ||
| TM_1550_500 | optical | Strip TM 1550 nm, w=500 nm | 2.5 | -1, 1.22 | 0 | 1 + 1 (TM) | 3.5 | 'Si': 0.5 | ||
| eskid_TE_1550 | optical | eskid TE 1550 | 3.31 | -1, 1.22 | 0 | 1 | 3.5 | 'Si': 0.06 (-0.625),…… 'Si': 0.06 (+0.625), 'Si': 0.06 (+0.505), 'Si': 0.06 (-0.385), 'Si': 0.06 (-0.265), 'Si': 0.06 (+0.385), 'Si': 0.06 (+0.265), 'Si': 0.06 (-0.505), 'Si': 0.35 |
Background medium
- Optical: PoleResidue(eps_inf=1.5385442336875639, frequency_range=(59958491600000.0, 1998616386666666.8), poles=(((-11504139.374277674-1.595196740783775e+16j), (7507685.43042605+4535416182817100j)), ((-249390.3565044153-172280738540723.53j), (46272.506981344035+99704543223121.88j))))
- Electrical: SiO2
Connections: []
[4]:
technology.random_variables
[4]:
[RandomVariable('si_thickness', **{'value': 0.22, 'stdev': 0.0037166666666666667}),
RandomVariable('bottom_oxide_thickness', **{'value': 3.017, 'stdev': 0.001})]
Step 2: Loading foundry provided PDK components¶
[5]:
cross = siepic_pdk.component("crossing_horizontal")
cross
[5]:
[6]:
cross.models
[6]:
{'Tidy3D': Tidy3DModel(run_time=None, medium=None, symmetry=(0, 0, 0), boundary_spec=None, monitors=(), structures=(), grid_spec=None, shutoff=None, subpixel=None, courant=None, port_symmetries=[('P0', 'P1', {'P1': 'P0', 'P2': 'P3', 'P3': 'P2'}), ('P0', 'P2', {'P1': 'P3', 'P2': 'P0', 'P3': 'P1'}), ('P0', 'P3', {'P1': 'P2', 'P2': 'P1', 'P3': 'P0'})], bounds=((None, None, None), (None, None, None)), source_gap=None, simulation_updates={}, verbose=True)}
Step 3: Covert 2D layout files to 3D for electromagnetic simulations¶
[7]:
# run 3D fdtd simulation to compute s_matrix
wavelengths = np.linspace(1.535, 1.565, 20)
s_matrix = cross.s_matrix(frequencies = pf.C_0/wavelengths)
Uploading task 'P0@0'…
Starting task 'P0@0': https://tidy3d.simulation.cloud/workbench?taskId=fdve-1965712a-d4a8-4f1b-b9cf-9ccf066d4308
Progress: 100%
[8]:
plt = pf.plot_s_matrix(s_matrix, y="dB", input_ports= ["P0"], output_ports = ["P3"])
