tidy3d.CustomLorentz#

class tidy3d.CustomLorentz(*, name: str = None, frequency_range: Tuple[float, float] = None, allow_gain: bool = False, nonlinear_spec: Union[tidy3d.components.medium.NonlinearSpec, tidy3d.components.medium.NonlinearSusceptibility] = None, modulation_spec: tidy3d.components.time_modulation.ModulationSpec = None, heat_spec: Optional[Union[tidy3d.components.heat_spec.FluidSpec, tidy3d.components.heat_spec.SolidSpec]] = None, type: Literal['CustomLorentz'] = 'CustomLorentz', eps_inf: tidy3d.components.data.data_array.SpatialDataArray, coeffs: Tuple[Tuple[tidy3d.components.data.data_array.SpatialDataArray, tidy3d.components.data.data_array.SpatialDataArray, tidy3d.components.data.data_array.SpatialDataArray], ...], interp_method: Literal['nearest', 'linear'] = 'nearest', subpixel: bool = False)#

Bases: tidy3d.components.medium.CustomDispersiveMedium, tidy3d.components.medium.Lorentz

A spatially varying dispersive medium described by the Lorentz model. The frequency-dependence of the complex-valued permittivity is described by:

Parameters

name (Optional[str] = None) – Optional unique name for medium.
frequency_range (Optional[Tuple[float, float]] = None) – [units = (Hz, Hz)]. Optional range of validity for the medium.
allow_gain (bool = False) – Allow the medium to be active. Caution: simulations with a gain medium are unstable, and are likely to diverge.Simulations where ‘allow_gain’ is set to ‘True’ will still be charged even if diverged. Monitor data up to the divergence point will still be returned and can be useful in some cases.
nonlinear_spec (Union[NonlinearSpec, NonlinearSusceptibility] = None) – Nonlinear spec applied on top of the base medium properties.
modulation_spec (Optional[ModulationSpec] = None) – Modulation spec applied on top of the base medium properties.
heat_spec (Union[FluidSpec, SolidSpec, NoneType] = None) – Specification of the medium heat properties. They are used for solving the heat equation via the HeatSimulation interface. Such simulations can be used for investigating the influence of heat propagation on the properties of optical systems. Once the temperature distribution in the system is found using HeatSimulation object, Simulation.perturbed_mediums_copy() can be used to convert mediums with perturbation models defined into spatially dependent custom mediums. Otherwise, the heat_spec does not directly affect the running of an optical Simulation.
eps_inf (SpatialDataArray) – [units = None (relative permittivity)]. Relative permittivity at infinite frequency (\(\epsilon_\infty\)).
coeffs (Tuple[Tuple[tidy3d.components.data.data_array.SpatialDataArray, tidy3d.components.data.data_array.SpatialDataArray, tidy3d.components.data.data_array.SpatialDataArray], ...]) – [units = (None (relative permittivity), Hz, Hz)]. List of (\(\Delta\epsilon_i, f_i, \delta_i\)) values for model.
interp_method (Literal['nearest', 'linear'] = nearest) – Interpolation method to obtain permittivity values that are not supplied at the Yee grids; For grids outside the range of the supplied data, extrapolation will be applied. When the extrapolated value is smaller (greater) than the minimal (maximal) of the supplied data, the extrapolated value will take the minimal (maximal) of the supplied data.
subpixel (bool = False) – If True and simulation’s subpixel is also True, applies subpixel averaging of the permittivity on the interface of the structure, including exterior boundary and intersection interfaces with other structures.

Note

\[\epsilon(f) = \epsilon_\infty + \sum_i \frac{\Delta\epsilon_i f_i^2}{f_i^2 - 2jf\delta_i - f^2}\]

Example

>>> x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 5)
>>> y = np.linspace(-1, 1, 6)
>>> z = np.linspace(-1, 1, 7)
>>> coords = dict(x=x, y=y, z=z)
>>> eps_inf = SpatialDataArray(np.ones((5, 6, 7)), coords=coords)
>>> d_epsilon = SpatialDataArray(np.random.random((5, 6, 7)), coords=coords)
>>> f = SpatialDataArray(1+np.random.random((5, 6, 7)), coords=coords)
>>> delta = SpatialDataArray(np.random.random((5, 6, 7)), coords=coords)
>>> lorentz_medium = CustomLorentz(eps_inf=eps_inf, coeffs=[(d_epsilon,f,delta),])
>>> eps = lorentz_medium.eps_model(200e12)

__init__(**kwargs)#: Init method, includes post-init validators.

Methods

`__init__`(**kwargs)	Init method, includes post-init validators.
`add_type_field`()	Automatically place "type" field with model name in the model field dictionary.
`complex_to_tuple`(value)	Convert a complex number to a tuple of real and imaginary parts.
`construct`([_fields_set])	Creates a new model setting __dict__ and __fields_set__ from trusted or pre-validated data.
`copy`(**kwargs)	Copy a Tidy3dBaseModel.
`dict`(*[, include, exclude, by_alias, ...])	Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.
`dict_from_file`(fname[, group_path])	Loads a dictionary containing the model from a .yaml, .json, .hdf5, or .hdf5.gz file.
`dict_from_hdf5`(fname[, group_path, ...])	Loads a dictionary containing the model contents from a .hdf5 file.
`dict_from_hdf5_gz`(fname[, group_path, ...])	Loads a dictionary containing the model contents from a .hdf5.gz file.
`dict_from_json`(fname)	Load dictionary of the model from a .json file.
`dict_from_yaml`(fname)	Load dictionary of the model from a .yaml file.
`eps_comp`(row, col, frequency)	Single component of the complex-valued permittivity tensor as a function of frequency.
`eps_comp_on_grid`(row, col, frequency, coords)	Spatial profile of a single component of the complex-valued permittivity tensor at `frequency` interpolated at the supplied coordinates.
`eps_complex_to_eps_sigma`(eps_complex, freq)	Convert complex permittivity at frequency `freq` to permittivity and conductivity values.
`eps_complex_to_nk`(eps_c)	Convert complex permittivity to n, k values.
`eps_dataarray_freq`(frequency)	Permittivity array at `frequency`.
`eps_diagonal`(frequency)	Main diagonal of the complex-valued permittivity tensor at `frequency`.
`eps_diagonal_on_grid`(frequency, coords)	Spatial profile of main diagonal of the complex-valued permittivity at `frequency` interpolated at the supplied coordinates.
`eps_model`(frequency)	Complex-valued spatially averaged permittivity as a function of frequency.
`eps_sigma_to_eps_complex`(eps_real, sigma, freq)	convert permittivity and conductivity to complex permittivity at freq
`from_file`(fname[, group_path])	Loads a `Tidy3dBaseModel` from .yaml, .json, .hdf5, or .hdf5.gz file.
`from_hdf5`(fname[, group_path, custom_decoders])	Loads `Tidy3dBaseModel` instance to .hdf5 file.
`from_hdf5_gz`(fname[, group_path, ...])	Loads `Tidy3dBaseModel` instance to .hdf5.gz file.
`from_json`(fname, **parse_obj_kwargs)	Load a `Tidy3dBaseModel` from .json file.
`from_orm`(obj)
`from_yaml`(fname, **parse_obj_kwargs)	Loads `Tidy3dBaseModel` from .yaml file.
`generate_docstring`()	Generates a docstring for a Tidy3D mode and saves it to the __doc__ of the class.
`get_sub_model`(group_path, model_dict)	Get the sub model for a given group path.
`get_submodels_by_hash`()	Return a dictionary of this object's sub-models indexed by their hash values.
`get_tuple_group_name`(index)	Get the group name of a tuple element.
`get_tuple_index`(key_name)	Get the index into the tuple based on its group name.
`help`([methods])	Prints message describing the fields and methods of a `Tidy3dBaseModel`.
`json`(*[, include, exclude, by_alias, ...])	Generate a JSON representation of the model, include and exclude arguments as per dict().
`nk_model`(frequency)	Real and imaginary parts of the refactive index as a function of frequency.
`nk_to_eps_complex`(n[, k])	Convert n, k to complex permittivity.
`nk_to_eps_sigma`(n, k, freq)	Convert `n`, `k` at frequency `freq` to permittivity and conductivity values.
`parse_file`(path, *[, content_type, ...])
`parse_obj`(obj)
`parse_raw`(b, *[, content_type, encoding, ...])
`plot`(freqs[, ax])	Plot n, k of a `Medium` as a function of frequency.
`schema`([by_alias, ref_template])
`schema_json`(*[, by_alias, ref_template])
`sigma_model`(freq)	Complex-valued conductivity as a function of frequency.
`to_file`(fname)	Exports `Tidy3dBaseModel` instance to .yaml, .json, or .hdf5 file
`to_hdf5`(fname[, custom_encoders])	Exports `Tidy3dBaseModel` instance to .hdf5 file.
`to_hdf5_gz`(fname[, custom_encoders])	Exports `Tidy3dBaseModel` instance to .hdf5.gz file.
`to_json`(fname)	Exports `Tidy3dBaseModel` instance to .json file
`to_yaml`(fname)	Exports `Tidy3dBaseModel` instance to .yaml file.
`tuple_to_complex`(value)	Convert a tuple of real and imaginary parts to complex number.
`tuple_to_dict`(tuple_values)	How we generate a dictionary mapping new keys to tuple values for hdf5.
`update_forward_refs`(**localns)	Try to update ForwardRefs on fields based on this Model, globalns and localns.
`updated_copy`(**kwargs)	Make copy of a component instance with `**kwargs` indicating updated field values.
`validate`(value)

Attributes

`is_isotropic`	Whether the medium is isotropic.
`is_pec`	Whether the medium is a PEC.
`n_cfl`	This property computes the index of refraction related to CFL condition, so that the FDTD with this medium is stable when the time step size that doesn't take material factor into account is multiplied by `n_cfl`.
`pole_residue`	Representation of Medium as a pole-residue model.
`time_modulated`	Whether any component of the medium is time modulated.
`eps_inf`
`coeffs`

class Config#

Bases: object

Sets config for all Tidy3dBaseModel objects.

allow_population_by_field_namebool = True: Allow properties to stand in for fields(?).
arbitrary_types_allowedbool = True: Allow types like numpy arrays.
extrastr = ‘forbid’: Forbid extra kwargs not specified in model.
json_encodersDict[type, Callable]: Defines how to encode type in json file.
validate_allbool = True: Validate default values just to be safe.
validate_assignmentbool: Re-validate after re-assignment of field in model.

__eq__(other)#: Define == for two Tidy3DBaseModels.

__ge__(other)#: define >= for getting unique indices based on hash.

__gt__(other)#: define > for getting unique indices based on hash.

__hash__() → int#: Hash method.

classmethod __init_subclass__() → None#: Things that are done to each of the models.

__iter__() → TupleGenerator#: so dict(model) works

__le__(other)#: define <= for getting unique indices based on hash.

__lt__(other)#: define < for getting unique indices based on hash.

__pretty__(fmt: Callable[[Any], Any], **kwargs: Any) → Generator[Any, None, None]#: Used by devtools (https://python-devtools.helpmanual.io/) to provide a human readable representations of objects

__repr_name__() → str#: Name of the instance’s class, used in __repr__.

__rich_repr__() → RichReprResult#: Get fields for Rich library

classmethod __try_update_forward_refs__(**localns: Any) → None#: Same as update_forward_refs but will not raise exception when forward references are not defined.

classmethod add_type_field() → None#: Automatically place “type” field with model name in the model field dictionary.

static complex_to_tuple(value: complex) → Tuple[float, float]#: Convert a complex number to a tuple of real and imaginary parts.

classmethod construct(_fields_set: Optional[SetStr] = None, **values: Any) → Model#: Creates a new model setting __dict__ and __fields_set__ from trusted or pre-validated data. Default values are respected, but no other validation is performed. Behaves as if Config.extra = ‘allow’ was set since it adds all passed values

copy(**kwargs) → tidy3d.components.base.Tidy3dBaseModel#: Copy a Tidy3dBaseModel. With deep=True as default.

dict(*, include: Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]] = None, exclude: Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]] = None, by_alias: bool = False, skip_defaults: Optional[bool] = None, exclude_unset: bool = False, exclude_defaults: bool = False, exclude_none: bool = False) → DictStrAny#: Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.

classmethod dict_from_file(fname: str, group_path: Optional[str] = None) → dict#

Loads a dictionary containing the model from a .yaml, .json, .hdf5, or .hdf5.gz file.

Parameters

fname (str) – Full path to the file to load the Tidy3dBaseModel from.
group_path (str, optional) – Path to a group inside the file to use as the base level.

Returns

A dictionary containing the model.

Return type

dict

Example

>>> simulation = Simulation.from_file(fname='folder/sim.json') 

classmethod dict_from_hdf5(fname: str, group_path: str = '', custom_decoders: Optional[List[Callable]] = None) → dict#

Loads a dictionary containing the model contents from a .hdf5 file.

Parameters

fname (str) – Full path to the .hdf5 file to load the Tidy3dBaseModel from.
group_path (str, optional) – Path to a group inside the file to selectively load a sub-element of the model only.
custom_decoders (List[Callable]) – List of functions accepting (fname: str, group_path: str, model_dict: dict, key: str, value: Any) that store the value in the model dict after a custom decoding.

Returns

Dictionary containing the model.

Return type

dict

Example

>>> sim_dict = Simulation.dict_from_hdf5(fname='folder/sim.hdf5') 

classmethod dict_from_hdf5_gz(fname: str, group_path: str = '', custom_decoders: Optional[List[Callable]] = None) → dict#

Loads a dictionary containing the model contents from a .hdf5.gz file.

Parameters

fname (str) – Full path to the .hdf5.gz file to load the Tidy3dBaseModel from.
group_path (str, optional) – Path to a group inside the file to selectively load a sub-element of the model only.
custom_decoders (List[Callable]) – List of functions accepting (fname: str, group_path: str, model_dict: dict, key: str, value: Any) that store the value in the model dict after a custom decoding.

Returns

Dictionary containing the model.

Return type

dict

Example

>>> sim_dict = Simulation.dict_from_hdf5(fname='folder/sim.hdf5.gz') 

classmethod dict_from_json(fname: str) → dict#

Load dictionary of the model from a .json file.

Parameters: fname (str) – Full path to the .json file to load the Tidy3dBaseModel from.
Returns: A dictionary containing the model.
Return type: dict

Example

>>> sim_dict = Simulation.dict_from_json(fname='folder/sim.json') 

classmethod dict_from_yaml(fname: str) → dict#

Load dictionary of the model from a .yaml file.

Parameters: fname (str) – Full path to the .yaml file to load the Tidy3dBaseModel from.
Returns: A dictionary containing the model.
Return type: dict

Example

>>> sim_dict = Simulation.dict_from_yaml(fname='folder/sim.yaml') 

eps_comp(row: Literal[0, 1, 2], col: Literal[0, 1, 2], frequency: float) → complex#

Single component of the complex-valued permittivity tensor as a function of frequency.

Parameters

row (int) – Component’s row in the permittivity tensor (0, 1, or 2 for x, y, or z respectively).
col (int) – Component’s column in the permittivity tensor (0, 1, or 2 for x, y, or z respectively).
frequency (float) – Frequency to evaluate permittivity at (Hz).

Returns

Element of the relative permittivity tensor evaluated at frequency.

Return type

complex

eps_comp_on_grid(row: Literal[0, 1, 2], col: Literal[0, 1, 2], frequency: float, coords: tidy3d.components.grid.grid.Coords) → tidy3d.components.types.ArrayLike[dtype=complex, ndim=3]#

Spatial profile of a single component of the complex-valued permittivity tensor at frequency interpolated at the supplied coordinates.

Parameters

row (int) – Component’s row in the permittivity tensor (0, 1, or 2 for x, y, or z respectively).
col (int) – Component’s column in the permittivity tensor (0, 1, or 2 for x, y, or z respectively).
frequency (float) – Frequency to evaluate permittivity at (Hz).
coords (Coords) – The grid point coordinates over which interpolation is performed.

Returns

Single component of the complex-valued permittivity tensor at frequency interpolated at the supplied coordinates.

Return type

ArrayComplex3D

static eps_complex_to_eps_sigma(eps_complex: complex, freq: float) → Tuple[float, float]#

Convert complex permittivity at frequency freq to permittivity and conductivity values.

Parameters

eps_complex (complex) – Complex-valued relative permittivity.
freq (float) – Frequency to evaluate permittivity at (Hz).

Returns

Real part of relative permittivity & electric conductivity.

Return type

Tuple[float, float]

static eps_complex_to_nk(eps_c: complex) → Tuple[float, float]#

Convert complex permittivity to n, k values.

Parameters: eps_c (complex) – Complex-valued relative permittivity.
Returns: Real and imaginary parts of refractive index (n & k).
Return type: Tuple[float, float]

eps_dataarray_freq(frequency: float) → Tuple[tidy3d.components.data.data_array.SpatialDataArray, tidy3d.components.data.data_array.SpatialDataArray, tidy3d.components.data.data_array.SpatialDataArray]#

Permittivity array at frequency.

Parameters: frequency (float) – Frequency to evaluate permittivity at (Hz).
Returns: The permittivity evaluated at frequency.
Return type: Tuple[SpatialDataArray, SpatialDataArray, SpatialDataArray]

eps_diagonal(frequency: float) → Tuple[complex, complex, complex]#: Main diagonal of the complex-valued permittivity tensor at frequency. Spatially, we take max{||eps||}, so that autoMesh generation works appropriately.

eps_diagonal_on_grid(frequency: float, coords: tidy3d.components.grid.grid.Coords) → Tuple[tidy3d.components.types.ArrayLike[dtype=complex, ndim=3], tidy3d.components.types.ArrayLike[dtype=complex, ndim=3], tidy3d.components.types.ArrayLike[dtype=complex, ndim=3]]#

Spatial profile of main diagonal of the complex-valued permittivity at frequency interpolated at the supplied coordinates.

Parameters

frequency (float) – Frequency to evaluate permittivity at (Hz).
coords (Coords) – The grid point coordinates over which interpolation is performed.

Returns

The complex-valued permittivity tensor at frequency interpolated at the supplied coordinate.

Return type

Tuple[ArrayComplex3D, ArrayComplex3D, ArrayComplex3D]

eps_model(frequency: float) → complex#: Complex-valued spatially averaged permittivity as a function of frequency.

static eps_sigma_to_eps_complex(eps_real: float, sigma: float, freq: float) → complex#

convert permittivity and conductivity to complex permittivity at freq

Parameters

eps_real (float) – Real-valued relative permittivity.
sigma (float) – Conductivity.
freq (float) – Frequency to evaluate permittivity at (Hz). If not supplied, returns real part of permittivity (limit as frequency -> infinity.)

Returns

Complex-valued relative permittivity.

Return type

complex

classmethod from_file(fname: str, group_path: Optional[str] = None, **parse_obj_kwargs) → tidy3d.components.base.Tidy3dBaseModel#

Loads a Tidy3dBaseModel from .yaml, .json, .hdf5, or .hdf5.gz file.

Parameters

fname (str) – Full path to the file to load the Tidy3dBaseModel from.
group_path (str, optional) – Path to a group inside the file to use as the base level. Only for hdf5 files. Starting / is optional.
**parse_obj_kwargs – Keyword arguments passed to either pydantic’s parse_obj function when loading model.

Returns

An instance of the component class calling load.

Return type

Tidy3dBaseModel

Example

>>> simulation = Simulation.from_file(fname='folder/sim.json') 

classmethod from_hdf5(fname: str, group_path: str = '', custom_decoders: Optional[List[Callable]] = None, **parse_obj_kwargs) → tidy3d.components.base.Tidy3dBaseModel#

Loads Tidy3dBaseModel instance to .hdf5 file.

Parameters

fname (str) – Full path to the .hdf5 file to load the Tidy3dBaseModel from.
group_path (str, optional) – Path to a group inside the file to selectively load a sub-element of the model only. Starting / is optional.
custom_decoders (List[Callable]) – List of functions accepting (fname: str, group_path: str, model_dict: dict, key: str, value: Any) that store the value in the model dict after a custom decoding.
**parse_obj_kwargs – Keyword arguments passed to pydantic’s parse_obj method.

Example

>>> simulation = Simulation.from_hdf5(fname='folder/sim.hdf5') 

classmethod from_hdf5_gz(fname: str, group_path: str = '', custom_decoders: Optional[List[Callable]] = None, **parse_obj_kwargs) → tidy3d.components.base.Tidy3dBaseModel#

Loads Tidy3dBaseModel instance to .hdf5.gz file.

Parameters

fname (str) – Full path to the .hdf5.gz file to load the Tidy3dBaseModel from.
group_path (str, optional) – Path to a group inside the file to selectively load a sub-element of the model only. Starting / is optional.
custom_decoders (List[Callable]) – List of functions accepting (fname: str, group_path: str, model_dict: dict, key: str, value: Any) that store the value in the model dict after a custom decoding.
**parse_obj_kwargs – Keyword arguments passed to pydantic’s parse_obj method.

Example

>>> simulation = Simulation.from_hdf5_gz(fname='folder/sim.hdf5.gz') 

classmethod from_json(fname: str, **parse_obj_kwargs) → tidy3d.components.base.Tidy3dBaseModel#

Load a Tidy3dBaseModel from .json file.

Parameters

fname (str) – Full path to the .json file to load the Tidy3dBaseModel from.

Returns

Tidy3dBaseModel – An instance of the component class calling load.
**parse_obj_kwargs – Keyword arguments passed to pydantic’s parse_obj method.

Example

>>> simulation = Simulation.from_json(fname='folder/sim.json') 

classmethod from_yaml(fname: str, **parse_obj_kwargs) → tidy3d.components.base.Tidy3dBaseModel#

Loads Tidy3dBaseModel from .yaml file.

Parameters

fname (str) – Full path to the .yaml file to load the Tidy3dBaseModel from.
**parse_obj_kwargs – Keyword arguments passed to pydantic’s parse_obj method.

Returns

An instance of the component class calling from_yaml.

Return type

Tidy3dBaseModel

Example

>>> simulation = Simulation.from_yaml(fname='folder/sim.yaml') 

classmethod generate_docstring() → str#: Generates a docstring for a Tidy3D mode and saves it to the __doc__ of the class.

classmethod get_sub_model(group_path: str, model_dict: dict | list) → dict#: Get the sub model for a given group path.

get_submodels_by_hash() → Dict[int, List[Union[str, Tuple[str, int]]]]#: Return a dictionary of this object’s sub-models indexed by their hash values.

static get_tuple_group_name(index: int) → str#: Get the group name of a tuple element.

static get_tuple_index(key_name: str) → int#: Get the index into the tuple based on its group name.

help(methods: bool = False) → None#

Prints message describing the fields and methods of a Tidy3dBaseModel.

Parameters: methods (bool = False) – Whether to also print out information about object’s methods.

Example

>>> simulation.help(methods=True) 

property is_isotropic#: Whether the medium is isotropic.

property is_pec#: Whether the medium is a PEC.

json(*, include: Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]] = None, exclude: Optional[Union[AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny]] = None, by_alias: bool = False, skip_defaults: Optional[bool] = None, exclude_unset: bool = False, exclude_defaults: bool = False, exclude_none: bool = False, encoder: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None, models_as_dict: bool = True, **dumps_kwargs: Any) → str#

Generate a JSON representation of the model, include and exclude arguments as per dict().

encoder is an optional function to supply as default to json.dumps(), other arguments as per json.dumps().

property n_cfl#

This property computes the index of refraction related to CFL condition, so that the FDTD with this medium is stable when the time step size that doesn’t take material factor into account is multiplied by n_cfl.

For PoleResidue model, it equals sqrt(eps_inf) [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9082879].

nk_model(frequency: float) → Tuple[float, float]#

Real and imaginary parts of the refactive index as a function of frequency.

Parameters: frequency (float) – Frequency to evaluate permittivity at (Hz).
Returns: Real part (n) and imaginary part (k) of refractive index of medium.
Return type: Tuple[float, float]

static nk_to_eps_complex(n: float, k: float = 0.0) → complex#

Convert n, k to complex permittivity.

Parameters

n (float) – Real part of refractive index.
k (float = 0.0) – Imaginary part of refrative index.

Returns

Complex-valued relative permittivity.

Return type

complex

static nk_to_eps_sigma(n: float, k: float, freq: float) → Tuple[float, float]#

Convert n, k at frequency freq to permittivity and conductivity values.

Parameters

n (float) – Real part of refractive index.
k (float = 0.0) – Imaginary part of refrative index.
frequency (float) – Frequency to evaluate permittivity at (Hz).

Returns

Real part of relative permittivity & electric conductivity.

Return type

Tuple[float, float]

plot(freqs: float, ax: matplotlib.axes._axes.Axes = None) → matplotlib.axes._axes.Axes#

Plot n, k of a Medium as a function of frequency.

Parameters

freqs (float) – Frequencies (Hz) to evaluate the medium properties at.
ax (matplotlib.axes._subplots.Axes = None) – Matplotlib axes to plot on, if not specified, one is created.

Returns

The supplied or created matplotlib axes.

Return type

matplotlib.axes._subplots.Axes

property pole_residue#: Representation of Medium as a pole-residue model.

sigma_model(freq: float) → complex#

Complex-valued conductivity as a function of frequency.

Parameters: freq (float) – Frequency to evaluate conductivity at (Hz).
Returns: Complex conductivity at this frequency.
Return type: complex

property time_modulated: bool#: Whether any component of the medium is time modulated.

to_file(fname: str) → None#

Exports Tidy3dBaseModel instance to .yaml, .json, or .hdf5 file

Parameters: fname (str) – Full path to the .yaml or .json file to save the Tidy3dBaseModel to.

Example

>>> simulation.to_file(fname='folder/sim.json') 

to_hdf5(fname: str, custom_encoders: Optional[List[Callable]] = None) → None#

Exports Tidy3dBaseModel instance to .hdf5 file.

Parameters

fname (str) – Full path to the .hdf5 file to save the Tidy3dBaseModel to.
custom_encoders (List[Callable]) – List of functions accepting (fname: str, group_path: str, value: Any) that take the value supplied and write it to the hdf5 fname at group_path.

Example

>>> simulation.to_hdf5(fname='folder/sim.hdf5') 

to_hdf5_gz(fname: str, custom_encoders: Optional[List[Callable]] = None) → None#

Exports Tidy3dBaseModel instance to .hdf5.gz file.

Parameters

fname (str) – Full path to the .hdf5.gz file to save the Tidy3dBaseModel to.
custom_encoders (List[Callable]) – List of functions accepting (fname: str, group_path: str, value: Any) that take the value supplied and write it to the hdf5 fname at group_path.

Example

>>> simulation.to_hdf5_gz(fname='folder/sim.hdf5.gz') 

to_json(fname: str) → None#

Exports Tidy3dBaseModel instance to .json file

Parameters: fname (str) – Full path to the .json file to save the Tidy3dBaseModel to.

Example

>>> simulation.to_json(fname='folder/sim.json') 

to_yaml(fname: str) → None#

Exports Tidy3dBaseModel instance to .yaml file.

Parameters: fname (str) – Full path to the .yaml file to save the Tidy3dBaseModel to.

Example

>>> simulation.to_yaml(fname='folder/sim.yaml') 

static tuple_to_complex(value: Tuple[float, float]) → complex#: Convert a tuple of real and imaginary parts to complex number.

classmethod tuple_to_dict(tuple_values: tuple) → dict#: How we generate a dictionary mapping new keys to tuple values for hdf5.

classmethod update_forward_refs(**localns: Any) → None#: Try to update ForwardRefs on fields based on this Model, globalns and localns.

updated_copy(**kwargs) → tidy3d.components.base.Tidy3dBaseModel#: Make copy of a component instance with **kwargs indicating updated field values.