Material Library

The material library is a dictionary containing various dispersive models from real world materials. To use the materials in the library, import it first by:

>>> from tidy3d import material_library

The key of the dictionary is the abbreviated material name.

Note: some materials have multiple variant models, in which case the second key is the “variant” name.

To import a material “mat” of variant “var”:

>>> medium = material_library['mat']['var']

For example, silver measured by A. D. Rakic et al. (1998) can be loaded as:

>>> silver = material_library['Ag']['Rakic1998BB']

You can also import the default variant of a material by:

>>> medium = material_library['mat'].medium

It is often useful to see the full list of variants for a given medium:

>>> print(material_library['mat'].variants.keys())

To access the details of a variant, including material model, references and tabulated data, use the following command:

>>> material_library['mat'].variants['var']

Silver (“Ag”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'JohnsonChristy1972'	0.19 - 1.94 \({\mu}m\)	5-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'Rakic1998BB' (default)	0.25 - 12.4 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossy	[2] [data]
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.25 - 12.4 \({\mu}m\)	8-pole, lossy	[2] [data]
'Yang2015Drude'	0.19 - 1.94 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossy	[3] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Ag']['JohnsonChristy1972']

>>> medium = material_library['Ag']['Rakic1998BB']

>>> medium = material_library['Ag']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

>>> medium = material_library['Ag']['Yang2015Drude']

References:

1. P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972) [doi]

2. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

3. H. U. Yang, J. D’Archangel, M. L. Sundheimer, E. Tucker, G. D. Boreman, M. B. Raschke. Optical dielectric function of silver, Phys. Rev. B 91, 235137 (2015) [doi]

Aluminum (“Al”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Rakic1995' (default)	0.02 - 1.97 \({\mu}m\)	4-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.06 - 247.97 \({\mu}m\)	7-pole, lossy	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Al']['Rakic1995']

>>> medium = material_library['Al']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

References:

1. A. D. Rakic. Algorithm for the determination of intrinsic optical constants of metal films: application to aluminum, Appl. Opt. 34, 4755-4767 (1995) [doi]

2. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

Alumina (“Al2O3”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.21 - 2.07 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Al2O3']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Aluminum Arsenide (“AlAs”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'FernOnton1971'	0.56 - 2.2 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, lossless	[1] [data]
'Horiba' (default)	0.41 - \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[2]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['AlAs']['FernOnton1971']

>>> medium = material_library['AlAs']['Horiba']

References:

1. R. E. Fern and A. Onton. Refractive index of AlAs, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 3499-3500 (1971) [doi]

2. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Aluminum Gallium Nitride (“AlGaN”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.31 - 2.07 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['AlGaN']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Aluminum Nitride (“AlN”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.26 - 1.65 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['AlN']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Aluminum Oxide (“AlxOy”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.21 - 2.07 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['AlxOy']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Amino Acid (“Aminoacid”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.25 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Aminoacid']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Silicon (Amorphous) (“aSi”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.21 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['aSi']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Gold (“Au”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'JohnsonChristy1972'	0.19 - 1.94 \({\mu}m\)	5-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'Olmon2012crystal'	0.3 - 24.93 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossy	[2] [data]
'Olmon2012Drude'	1.24 - 24.93 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossy	[2] [data]
'Olmon2012evaporated' (default)	0.3 - 24.93 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossy	[2] [data]
'Olmon2012stripped'	0.3 - 24.93 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossy	[2] [data]
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.25 - 6.2 \({\mu}m\)	7-pole, lossy	[3] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Au']['JohnsonChristy1972']

>>> medium = material_library['Au']['Olmon2012crystal']

>>> medium = material_library['Au']['Olmon2012Drude']

>>> medium = material_library['Au']['Olmon2012evaporated']

>>> medium = material_library['Au']['Olmon2012stripped']

>>> medium = material_library['Au']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

References:

1. P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972) [doi]

2. R. L. Olmon, B. Slovick, T. W. Johnson, D. Shelton, S.-H. Oh, G. D. Boreman, and M. B. Raschke. Optical dielectric function of gold, Phys. Rev. B 86, 235147 (2012) [doi]

3. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

Beryllium (“Be”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Rakic1998BB' (default)	0.25 - 61.99 \({\mu}m\)	4-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.25 - 61.99 \({\mu}m\)	8-pole, lossy	[1] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Be']['Rakic1998BB']

>>> medium = material_library['Be']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

References:

1. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

N-BK7 Borosilicate Glass (“BK7”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Zemax' (default)	0.3 - 2.5 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossless	[1] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['BK7']['Zemax']

References:

1. SCHOTT Zemax catalog 2017-01-20b [url]

Calcium Fluoride (“CaF2”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.26 - 1.65 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['CaF2']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Cellulose (“Cellulose”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Sultanova2009' (default)	0.44 - 1.05 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Cellulose']['Sultanova2009']

References:

1. N. Sultanova, S. Kasarova and I. Nikolov. Dispersion properties of optical polymers, Acta Physica Polonica A 116, 585-587 (2009) [doi]

Chromium (“Cr”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Rakic1998BB' (default)	0.25 - 62.0 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.25 - 61.99 \({\mu}m\)	8-pole, lossy	[1] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Cr']['Rakic1998BB']

>>> medium = material_library['Cr']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

References:

1. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

Silicon (Crystalline) (“cSi”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Green2008' (default)	0.25 - 1.45 \({\mu}m\)	5-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'Green2008_Lossless'	1.2 - 1.45 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1] [data]
'Li1993_293K'	1.2 - 14.0 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[2] [data]
'Palik_Lossless'	1.2 - 250.0 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, low loss	[3]
'Palik_Lossy'	0.1 - 1.4 \({\mu}m\)	5-pole, lossy	[3]
'SalzbergVilla1957'	1.36 - 11.0 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[4][5] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['cSi']['Green2008']

>>> medium = material_library['cSi']['Green2008_Lossless']

>>> medium = material_library['cSi']['Li1993_293K']

>>> medium = material_library['cSi']['Palik_Lossless']

>>> medium = material_library['cSi']['Palik_Lossy']

>>> medium = material_library['cSi']['SalzbergVilla1957']

References:

1. M. A. Green. Self-consistent optical parameters of intrinsic silicon at 300K including temperature coefficients, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells 92, 1305–1310 (2008) [doi]

2. H. H. Li. Refractive index of silicon and germanium and its wavelength and temperature derivatives, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 9, 561-658 (1993) [doi]

3. E. D. Palik. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Academic Press (1998) [doi]

4. C. D. Salzberg and J. J. Villa. Infrared Refractive Indexes of Silicon, Germanium and Modified Selenium Glass, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 47, 244-246 (1957) [doi]

5. B. Tatian. Fitting refractive-index data with the Sellmeier dispersion formula, Appl. Opt. 23, 4477-4485 (1984) [doi]

Copper (“Cu”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'JohnsonChristy1972' (default)	0.19 - 1.94 \({\mu}m\)	5-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.21 - 12.4 \({\mu}m\)	6-pole, lossy	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Cu']['JohnsonChristy1972']

>>> medium = material_library['Cu']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

References:

1. P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972) [doi]

2. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

Fused Silica (“FusedSilica”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'ZemaxPMLStable' (default)	0.41 - 1.99 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1][2] [data]
'ZemaxSellmeier'	0.21 - 6.7 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossless	[1][2] [data]
'ZemaxVisiblePMLStable'	0.41 - 0.78 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1][2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['FusedSilica']['ZemaxPMLStable']

>>> medium = material_library['FusedSilica']['ZemaxSellmeier']

>>> medium = material_library['FusedSilica']['ZemaxVisiblePMLStable']

References:

1. I. H. Malitson. Interspecimen comparison of the refractive index of fused silica, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1205-1208 (1965) [doi]

2. C. Z. Tan. Determination of refractive index of silica glass for infrared wavelengths by IR spectroscopy, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 223, 158-163 (1998) [doi]

Gallium Arsenide (“GaAs”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Palik_Lossless'	1.1 - 30.0 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, low loss	[1]
'Palik_Lossy'	0.22 - 1.3 \({\mu}m\)	6-pole, lossy	[1]
'Skauli2003' (default)	0.97 - 17.0 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossless	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['GaAs']['Palik_Lossless']

>>> medium = material_library['GaAs']['Palik_Lossy']

>>> medium = material_library['GaAs']['Skauli2003']

References:

1. E. D. Palik. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Academic Press (1998) [doi]

2. T. Skauli, P. S. Kuo, K. L. Vodopyanov, T. J. Pinguet, O. Levi, L. A. Eyres, J. S. Harris, M. M. Fejer, B. Gerard, L. Becouarn, and E. Lallier. Improved dispersion relations for GaAs and applications to nonlinear optics, J. Appl. Phys., 94, 6447-6455 (2003) [doi]

Germanium (“Ge”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Icenogle1976' (default)	2.5 - 12.0 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, lossless	[1][2] [data]
'Palik_Lossless'	1.2 - 20.0 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, low loss	[3]
'Palik_Lossy'	0.25 - 1.4 \({\mu}m\)	5-pole, lossy	[3]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Ge']['Icenogle1976']

>>> medium = material_library['Ge']['Palik_Lossless']

>>> medium = material_library['Ge']['Palik_Lossy']

References:

1. H. W. Icenogle, Ben C. Platt, and William L. Wolfe. Refractive indexes and temperature coefficients of germanium and silicon Appl. Opt. 15 2348-2351 (1976) [doi]

2. N. P. Barnes and M. S. Piltch. Temperature-dependent Sellmeier coefficients and nonlinear optics average power limit for germanium J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69 178-180 (1979) [doi]

3. E. D. Palik. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Academic Press (1998) [doi]

Germanium Oxide (“GeOx”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.31 - 2.07 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['GeOx']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Graphene (“graphene”)

Graphene

Parametric surface conductivity model for graphene.

Water (“H2O”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.21 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['H2O']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Hafnium Oxide (“HfO2”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.21 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['HfO2']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Hexamethyldisilazane, or Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine (“HMDS”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.19 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['HMDS']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Indium Arsenide (“InAs”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Palik' (default)	0.55 - 1.4 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['InAs']['Palik']

References:

1. E. D. Palik. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Academic Press (1998) [doi]

Indium Phosphide (“InP”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Palik_Lossless'	0.93 - 10.0 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, low loss	[1]
'Palik_Lossy'	0.22 - 0.82 \({\mu}m\)	5-pole, lossy	[1]
'Pettit1965' (default)	0.95 - 10.0 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, lossless	[2][3][4] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['InP']['Palik_Lossless']

>>> medium = material_library['InP']['Palik_Lossy']

>>> medium = material_library['InP']['Pettit1965']

References:

1. E. D. Palik. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Academic Press (1998) [doi]

2. G. D. Pettit and W. J. Turner. Refractive index of InP, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 2081 (1965) [doi]

3. A. N. Pikhtin and A. D. Yas’kov. Disperson of the refractive index of semiconductors with diamond and zinc-blende structures, Sov. Phys. Semicond. 12, 622-626 (1978)

4. Handbook of Optics, 2nd edition, Vol. 2. McGraw-Hill 1994 (ISBN 9780070479746)

Indium Tin Oxide (“ITO”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.21 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['ITO']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Lithium niobate (“LiNbO3”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Zelmon1997' (default)	0.4 - 5.0 \({\mu}m\)	AnisotropicMedium	[1] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['LiNbO3']['Zelmon1997'](optical axis) # 'optical axis' can take value 0/1/2 for x/y/z axis.

References:

1. D. E. Zelmon, D. L. Small and D. Jundt. Infrared corrected Sellmeier coefficients for congruently grown lithium niobate and 5 mol.% magnesium oxide-doped lithium niobate, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 3319-3322 (1997) [doi]

Magnesium Fluoride (“MgF2”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.33 - 1.55 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['MgF2']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Magnesium Oxide (“MgO”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'StephensMalitson1952' (default)	0.36 - 5.4 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, low loss	[1] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['MgO']['StephensMalitson1952']

References:

1. R. E. Stephens and I. H. Malitson. Index of refraction of magnesium oxide, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 49 249-252 (1952) [doi]

Molybdenum Disulfide (“MoS2”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Li2014' (default)	0.42 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	Medium2D	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['MoS2']['Li2014']

References:

1. Y. Li, A. Chernikov, X. Zhang, A. Rigosi, H. M. Hill, A. M. van der Zande, D. A. Chenet, E. Shih, J. Hone, and T. F. Heinz. Measurement of the optical dielectric function of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides: MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, Phys. Rev. B 90, 205422 (2014) [doi]

Molybdenum Diselenide (“MoSe2”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Li2014' (default)	0.42 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	Medium2D	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['MoSe2']['Li2014']

References:

1. Y. Li, A. Chernikov, X. Zhang, A. Rigosi, H. M. Hill, A. M. van der Zande, D. A. Chenet, E. Shih, J. Hone, and T. F. Heinz. Measurement of the optical dielectric function of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides: MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, Phys. Rev. B 90, 205422 (2014) [doi]

Nickel (“Ni”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'JohnsonChristy1972' (default)	0.19 - 1.94 \({\mu}m\)	5-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.25 - 6.2 \({\mu}m\)	8-pole, lossy	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Ni']['JohnsonChristy1972']

>>> medium = material_library['Ni']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

References:

1. P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972) [doi]

2. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

Palladium (“Pd”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'JohnsonChristy1972' (default)	0.19 - 1.94 \({\mu}m\)	5-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.25 - 12.4 \({\mu}m\)	8-pole, lossy	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Pd']['JohnsonChristy1972']

>>> medium = material_library['Pd']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

References:

1. P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972) [doi]

2. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

Polyetherimide (“PEI”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.26 - 1.65 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['PEI']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Polyethylene Naphthalate (“PEN”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.39 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['PEN']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Polyethylene Terephthalate (“PET”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.39 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['PET']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Poly(methyl Methacrylate) (“PMMA”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba'	0.27 - 1.65 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]
'Sultanova2009' (default)	0.44 - 1.05 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['PMMA']['Horiba']

>>> medium = material_library['PMMA']['Sultanova2009']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

2. N. Sultanova, S. Kasarova and I. Nikolov. Dispersion properties of optical polymers, Acta Physica Polonica A 116, 585-587 (2009) [doi]

Polycarbonate (“Polycarbonate”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba'	0.31 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]
'Sultanova2009' (default)	0.44 - 1.05 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Polycarbonate']['Horiba']

>>> medium = material_library['Polycarbonate']['Sultanova2009']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

2. N. Sultanova, S. Kasarova and I. Nikolov. Dispersion properties of optical polymers, Acta Physica Polonica A 116, 585-587 (2009) [doi]

Polystyrene (“Polystyrene”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Sultanova2009' (default)	0.44 - 1.05 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Polystyrene']['Sultanova2009']

References:

1. N. Sultanova, S. Kasarova and I. Nikolov. Dispersion properties of optical polymers, Acta Physica Polonica A 116, 585-587 (2009) [doi]

Platinum (“Pt”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.25 - 12.4 \({\mu}m\)	6-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'Werner2009' (default)	0.1 - 2.48 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossy	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Pt']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

>>> medium = material_library['Pt']['Werner2009']

References:

1. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

2. W. S. M. Werner, K. Glantschnig, C. Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical constants and inelastic electron-scattering data for 17 elemental metals, J. Phys Chem Ref. Data 38, 1013-1092 (2009) [doi]

Polytetrafluoroethylene, or Teflon (“PTFE”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.19 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['PTFE']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Polyvinyl Chloride (“PVC”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.26 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['PVC']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Sapphire (“Sapphire”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.23 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Sapphire']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Silicon Nitride (“Si3N4”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.23 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]
'Luke2015PMLStable'	0.41 - 1.97 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, lossless	[2] [data]
'Luke2015Sellmeier'	0.31 - 5.5 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, lossless	[2] [data]
'Philipp1973Sellmeier'	0.21 - 1.24 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[3][4] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Si3N4']['Horiba']

>>> medium = material_library['Si3N4']['Luke2015PMLStable']

>>> medium = material_library['Si3N4']['Luke2015Sellmeier']

>>> medium = material_library['Si3N4']['Philipp1973Sellmeier']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

2. K. Luke, Y. Okawachi, M. R. E. Lamont, A. L. Gaeta, M. Lipson. Broadband mid-infrared frequency comb generation in a Si3N4 microresonator, Opt. Lett. 40, 4823-4826 (2015) [doi]

3. H. R. Philipp. Optical properties of silicon nitride, J. Electrochim. Soc. 120, 295-300 (1973) [doi]

4. T. Baak. Silicon oxynitride; a material for GRIN optics, Appl. Optics 21, 1069-1072 (1982) [doi]

Silicon Carbide (“SiC”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.31 - 2.07 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['SiC']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Silicon Mononitride (“SiN”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.21 - 2.07 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['SiN']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Silicon Dioxide (“SiO2”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba'	0.25 - 1.77 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]
'Palik_Lossless' (default)	0.15 - 5.0 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, low loss	[2]
'Palik_Lossy'	4.0 - 250.0 \({\mu}m\)	5-pole, lossy	[2]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['SiO2']['Horiba']

>>> medium = material_library['SiO2']['Palik_Lossless']

>>> medium = material_library['SiO2']['Palik_Lossy']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

2. E. D. Palik. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Academic Press (1998) [doi]

Silicon Oxynitride (“SiON”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.41 - 1.65 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['SiON']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Tantalum Pentoxide (“Ta2O5”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.31 - 1.65 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Ta2O5']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Titanium (“Ti”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.25 - 31.0 \({\mu}m\)	7-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'Werner2009' (default)	0.1 - 2.48 \({\mu}m\)	3-pole, lossy	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Ti']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

>>> medium = material_library['Ti']['Werner2009']

References:

1. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

2. W. S. M. Werner, K. Glantschnig, C. Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical constants and inelastic electron-scattering data for 17 elemental metals, J. Phys Chem Ref. Data 38, 1013-1092 (2009) [doi]

Titanium Oxide (“TiOx”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'HorbiaStable'	0.41 - 2.07 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, lossless	[1]
'Horiba' (default)	0.41 - 2.07 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['TiOx']['HorbiaStable']

>>> medium = material_library['TiOx']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

Tungsten (“W”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'RakicLorentzDrude1998'	0.25 - 12.4 \({\mu}m\)	6-pole, lossy	[1] [data]
'Werner2009' (default)	0.1 - 2.48 \({\mu}m\)	4-pole, lossy	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['W']['RakicLorentzDrude1998']

>>> medium = material_library['W']['Werner2009']

References:

1. A. D. Rakic, A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998) [doi]

2. W. S. M. Werner, K. Glantschnig, C. Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical constants and inelastic electron-scattering data for 17 elemental metals, J. Phys Chem Ref. Data 38, 1013-1092 (2009) [doi]

Tungsten Disulfide (“WS2”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Li2014' (default)	0.42 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	Medium2D	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['WS2']['Li2014']

References:

1. Y. Li, A. Chernikov, X. Zhang, A. Rigosi, H. M. Hill, A. M. van der Zande, D. A. Chenet, E. Shih, J. Hone, and T. F. Heinz. Measurement of the optical dielectric function of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides: MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, Phys. Rev. B 90, 205422 (2014) [doi]

Tungsten Diselenide (“WSe2”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Li2014' (default)	0.42 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	Medium2D	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['WSe2']['Li2014']

References:

1. Y. Li, A. Chernikov, X. Zhang, A. Rigosi, H. M. Hill, A. M. van der Zande, D. A. Chenet, E. Shih, J. Hone, and T. F. Heinz. Measurement of the optical dielectric function of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides: MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, Phys. Rev. B 90, 205422 (2014) [doi]

Yttrium Oxide (“Y2O3”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.31 - 0.8 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossless	[1]
'Nigara1968'	0.25 - 9.6 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, lossless	[2] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['Y2O3']['Horiba']

>>> medium = material_library['Y2O3']['Nigara1968']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]

2. Y. Nigara. Measurement of the optical constants of yttrium oxide, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 7, 404-408 (1968) [doi]

Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (“YAG”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Zelmon1998' (default)	0.4 - 5.0 \({\mu}m\)	2-pole, lossless	[1] [data]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['YAG']['Zelmon1998']

References:

1. D. E. Zelmon, D. L. Small and R. Page. Refractive-index measurements of undoped yttrium aluminum garnet from 0.4 to 5.0 μm, Appl. Opt. 37, 4933-4935 (1998) [doi]

Zirconium Oxide (“ZrO2”)

Variant	Valid for	Model Info	Reference
'Horiba' (default)	0.41 - 0.83 \({\mu}m\)	1-pole, lossy	[1]

Examples:

>>> medium = material_library['ZrO2']['Horiba']

References:

1. Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [url]