Material Library

The material library is a dictionary containing various dispersive models from real world materials.

>>> from tidy3d import material_library

The first key of the dictionary is the material name, the second key is the “variant” name, for example which reference the data came from.

To import a material “mat” with variant “var” as a tidy3d medium:

>>> medium = material_library['mat']['var']

For example, for silver as measured by A. D. Rakic et al. (1998), one can load the medium as:

>>> silver = material_library['Ag']['Rakic1998']

In the materials below, the material name is in parentheses in the header and the variant names are in the table.

Note: it is often very useful to see the list of variants for a given medium, which can be done as:

>>> print(material_library['Ag'].keys())

Silver (“Ag”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Rakic1998' (default)	0.1-5eV	Yes	6 poles
'JohnsonChristy1972'	0.64-6.6eV	Yes	4 poles

• 1. 4. Rakic et al., Applied Optics, 37, 5271-5283 (1998).

• 16. 2. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972).

Aluminum (“Al”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Rakic1998' (default)	0.1-10eV	Yes	5 poles

• 1. 4. Rakic. Algorithm for the determination of intrinsic optical constants of metal films: application to aluminum, Appl. Opt. 34, 4755-4767 (1995).

Alumina (“Al2O3”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.6-6eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Aluminum arsenide (“AlAs”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0-3eV	Yes	1 pole
'FernOnton1971'	0.56-2.2um	No	2 poles

• R.E. Fern and A. Onton, J. Applied Physics, 42, 3499-500 (1971).

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Aluminum gallium nitride (“AlGaN”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.6-4eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Aluminum nitride (“AlN”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.75-4.75eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Aluminum oxide (“AlxOy”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.6-6eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Amino acid (“Aminoacid”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-5eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Gold (“Au”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'JohnsonChristy1972' (default)	0.64-6.6eV	Yes	6 poles

• 16. 2. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972).

N-BK7 borosilicate glass (“BK7”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Zemax' (default)	0.3-2.5um	No	3 poles

Beryllium (“Be”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Rakic1998' (default)	0.02-5eV	Yes	4 poles

• 1. 4. Rakic. Algorithm for the determination of intrinsic optical constants of metal films: application to aluminum, Appl. Opt. 34, 4755-4767 (1995).

Calcium fluoride (“CaF2”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.75-4.75eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Cellulose. (“Cellulose”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Sultanova2009' (default)	0.44-1.1um	No	1 pole

• 14. Sultanova, S. Kasarova and I. Nikolov. Dispersion properties of optical polymers, Acta Physica Polonica A 116, 585-587 (2009).

Chromium (“Cr”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Rakic1998' (default)	0.1-10eV	Yes	4 poles

• 1. 4. Rakic. Algorithm for the determination of intrinsic optical constants of metal films: application to aluminum, Appl. Opt. 34, 4755-4767 (1995).

Copper (“Cu”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'JohnsonChristy1972' (default)	0.64-6.6eV	Yes	5 poles

• 16. 2. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972)

Fused silica (“FusedSilica”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Zemax' (default)	0.21-6.7um	No	3 poles

• 1. 8. Malitson. Interspecimen comparison of the refractive index of fused silica, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1205-1208 (1965).

• 3. 26. Tan. Determination of refractive index of silica glass for infrared wavelengths by IR spectroscopy, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 223, 158-163 (1998).

Gallium arsenide (“GaAs”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Skauli2003' (default)	0.97-17um	No	3 poles

• 20. Skauli, P. S. Kuo, K. L. Vodopyanov, T. J. Pinguet, O. Levi, L. A. Eyres, J. S. Harris, M. M. Fejer, B. Gerard, L. Becouarn, and E. Lallier. Improved dispersion relations for GaAs and applications to nonlinear optics, J. Appl. Phys. + 946447-6455 (2003).

Germanium (“Ge”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Icenogle1976' (default)	2.5-12um	No	2 poles

• Icenogle et al.. Refractive indexes and temperature coefficients of germanium and silicon Appl. Opt. 15 2348-2351 (1976).

• 14. 16. Barnes and M. S. Piltch. Temperature-dependent Sellmeier coefficients and nonlinear optics average power limit for germanium J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69 178-180 (1979).

Germanium oxide (“GeOx”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.6-4eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Water (“H2O”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-6eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Hexamethyldisilazane, or Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine (“HMDS”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-6.5eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Hafnium oxide (“HfO2”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-6eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Indium tin oxide (“ITO”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-6eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Indium Phosphide (“InP”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Pettit1965' (default)	0.95-10um	No	2 poles

• Handbook of Optics, 2nd edition, Vol. 2. McGraw-Hill 1994.

• 7. 4. Pettit and W. J. Turner. Refractive index of InP, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 2081 (1965).

• 1. 14. Pikhtin and A. D. Yaskov. Disperson of the refractive index of semiconductors with diamond and zinc-blende structures, Sov. Phys. Semicond. 12, 622-626 (1978).

Magnesium fluoride (“MgF2”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.8-3.8eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Magnesium oxide (“MgO”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'StephensMalitson1952' (default)	0.36um-5.4um	Yes	3 poles

• 18. 5. Stephens and I. H. Malitson. Index of refraction of magnesium oxide, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 49 249-252 (1952).

Nickel (“Ni”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'JohnsonChristy1972' (default)	0.64-6.6eV	Yes	5 poles

• 16. 2. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972).

Polyetherimide (“PEI”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.75-4.75eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Polyethylene naphthalate (“PEN”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-3.2eV	Yes	1 pole

Refs:

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	(not specified)	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (“PMMA”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba'	0.75-4.55eV	Yes	1 pole
'Sultanova2009' (default)	0.44-1.1um	No	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

• 14. Sultanova, S. Kasarova and I. Nikolov. Dispersion properties of optical polymers, Acta Physica Polonica A 116, 585-587 (2009).

Polytetrafluoroethylene, or Teflon (“PTFE”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-6.5eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-4.75eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Palladium (“Pd”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'JohnsonChristy1972' (default)	0.64-6.6eV	Yes	5 poles

• 16. 2. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972).

Polycarbonate. (“Polycarbonate”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba'	1.5-4eV	Yes	1 pole
'Sultanova2009' (default)	0.44-1.1um	No	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

• 14. Sultanova, S. Kasarova and I. Nikolov. Dispersion properties of optical polymers, Acta Physica Polonica A 116, 585-587 (2009).

Polystyrene. (“Polystyrene”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Sultanova2009' (default)	0.44-1.1um	No	1 pole

• 14. Sultanova, S. Kasarova and I. Nikolov. Dispersion properties of optical polymers, Acta Physica Polonica A 116, 585-587 (2009).

Platinum (“Pt”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Werner2009' (default)	0.1-2.48um	Yes	5 poles

• 23. 19. 13. Werner, K. Glantschnig, C. Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical constants and inelastic electron-scattering data for 17 elemental metals, J. Phys Chem Ref. Data 38, 1013-1092 (2009).

Sapphire. (“Sapphire”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-5.5eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Silicon nitride (“Si3N4”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-5.5eV	Yes	1 pole
'Luke2015'	0.31-5.504um	No	1 pole
'Philipp1973'	0.207-1.24um	No	1 pole

• 20. Baak. Silicon oxynitride; a material for GRIN optics, Appl. Optics 21, 1069-1072 (1982).

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

• 11. Luke, Y. Okawachi, M. R. E. Lamont, A. L. Gaeta, M. Lipson. Broadband mid-infrared frequency comb generation in a Si3N4 microresonator, Opt. Lett. 40, 4823-4826 (2015).

• 8. 18. Philipp. Optical properties of silicon nitride, J. Electrochim. Soc. 120, 295-300 (1973).

Silicon carbide (“SiC”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.6-4eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Silicon mononitride (“SiN”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.6-6eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Silicon dioxide (“SiO2”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.7-5eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Silicon oxynitride (“SiON”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.75-3eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Tantalum pentoxide (“Ta2O5”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.75-4eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Titanium (“Ti”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Werner2009' (default)	0.1-2.48um	Yes	5 poles

• 23. 19. 13. Werner, K. Glantschnig, C. Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical constants and inelastic electron-scattering data for 17 elemental metals, J. Phys Chem Ref. Data 38, 1013-1092 (2009).

Titanium oxide (“TiOx”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	0.6-3eV	No	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Tungsten (“W”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Werner2009' (default)	0.1-2.48um	Yes	5 poles

• 23. 19. 13. Werner, K. Glantschnig, C. Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical constants and inelastic electron-scattering data for 17 elemental metals, J. Phys Chem Ref. Data 38, 1013-1092 (2009).

Yttrium oxide (“Y2O3”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.55-4eV	Yes	1 pole
'Nigara1968'	0.25-9.6um	No	2 poles

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

• 25. Nigara. Measurement of the optical constants of yttrium oxide, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 7, 404-408 (1968).

Yttrium aluminium garnet (“YAG”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Zelmon1998' (default)	0.4-5um	No	2 poles

• 4. 5. Zelmon, D. L. Small and R. Page. Refractive-index measurements of undoped yttrium aluminum garnet from 0.4 to 5.0 um, Appl. Opt. 37, 4933-4935 (1998).

Zirconium oxide (“ZrO2”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-3eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Amorphous silicon (“aSi”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'Horiba' (default)	1.5-6eV	Yes	1 pole

• Horiba Technical Note 08: Lorentz Dispersion Model [pdf].

Crystalline silicon. (“cSi”)

Variant	Valid for:	Lossy?	Complexity
'SalzbergVilla1957' (default)	1.36-11um	No	1 pole
'Li1993_293K'	1.2-14um	No	2 poles
'Green2008'	0.25-1.45um	Yes	4 poles

• 13. 1. Green. Self-consistent optical parameters of intrinsic silicon at 300K including temperature coefficients, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells 92, 1305–1310 (2008).

• 13. 1. Green and M. Keevers, Optical properties of intrinsic silicon at 300 K, Progress in Photovoltaics, 3, 189-92 (1995).

• 8. 8. Li. Refractive index of silicon and germanium and its wavelength and temperature derivatives, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 9, 561-658 (1993).

• 3. 4. Salzberg and J. J. Villa. Infrared Refractive Indexes of Silicon, Germanium and Modified Selenium Glass, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 47, 244-246 (1957).

• 2. Tatian. Fitting refractive-index data with the Sellmeier dispersion formula, Appl. Opt. 23, 4477-4485 (1984).